Secondary Outcomes (explanation)
• Child dietary diversity score (DDS): Dietary diversity is a qualitative measure of food consumption that reflects access to a variety of foods, and is also a proxy for nutrient adequacy of the diet of individuals. In a one-to-one interview, we will ask mothers to report food consumption in the past 24 hours for their children aged 6–23 months. For each child, we will then build a DDS by adding up all food categories consumed in the previous day (e.g. beans, meat, vegetables, etc). Anomalous outliers (e.g. DDS with value 0) will be regularly counter-checked during data collection, and excluded from the analysis whenever auditing is not feasible.
• Women dietary diversity score (DDS): Dietary diversity is a qualitative measure of food consumption that reflects access to a variety of foods, and is also a proxy for nutrient adequacy of the diet of individuals. In a one-to-one interview, we will ask all mothers in the sample to report their own food consumption in the past 24 hours. For each woman, we will then build a DDS by adding up all food categories consumed in the previous day (e.g. meat, eggs, vegetables, etc). Anomalous outliers (e.g. DDS with value 0) will be constantly counter checked during data collection, and excluded from the analysis whenever auditing is not feasible.
• Knowledge of breastfeeding practices: In a one-to-one interview, all mothers will be asked to report the correct definition or optimal timing of various breastfeeding practices such as exclusive breastfeeding, early initiation of breastfeeding, and complementary feeding. We will create binary variables indicating whether mothers reported to know each practice correctly, or not. In this set of variables, we will limit the presence of missing values.
• Adoption of breastfeeding practices: In a one-to-one interview, all mothers will be asked to report about the feeding practices they are currently using with their youngest children, such as exclusive breastfeeding (children 0-5mo), early initiation of breastfeeding (children 0-23mo), and complementary feeding (children 6-9mo). In this set of variables, we will limit the presence of missing values.
• Adoption of hygiene practices: In a one-to-one interview, all mothers will be asked to report about various WASH indicators, such as water treatment, water storage, and hand-washing behavior. We will collect measures of safe water treatment used in the household (such as boiling, chlorination, filtration, etc), and water storage practices, which will not only be asked to study participants, but also verified by surveyors while administering the survey interview. Additionally, we will collect self-reported measures of hand-washing behavior in the past 24 hours in various situations, and will build a hand-washing index by adding up all hand-washing measures (e.g. washed hands after disposing baby feces, before preparing food, before feeding children, etc). In this set of variables, we will limit the presence of missing values.
• Antenatal and postnatal care: In a one-to-one interview, all mothers who had at least one pregnancy will be asked to report about their use of healthcare services before and up to 6 weeks after childbirth. We will collect measures of use of these services, such as frequency, type, and cost of chosen assistance. We will then build additional variables indicating the number of times each mother visited or used a specific health service (e.g. number of visits with skilled health personnel – such as doctors and midwives – during prenatal period, and up to 6 weeks after childbirth). In this set of variables, we will limit the presence of missing values and exclude anomalous outliers from the analysis.