Edutainment, social network, and ethnic discrimination in rural Bangladesh

Last registered on August 11, 2024
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Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Edutainment, social network, and ethnic discrimination in rural Bangladesh
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0010730
Initial registration date
January 05, 2023

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
January 22, 2023, 10:32 AM EST

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Last updated
August 11, 2024, 2:20 PM EDT

Last updated is the most recent time when changes to the trial's registration were published.

Locations

Country
Bangladesh
Region
Rajshahi Division

Primary Investigator

Name
Abu Siddique
Affiliation
Royal Holloway University of London
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Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Name
Michael Vlassopoulos
PI Affiliation
University of Southampton
Contact Investigator
PI Name
Yves Zenou
PI Affiliation
Monash University
Contact Investigator
PI Name
Asad Islam
PI Affiliation
Monash University
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Additional Trial Information

Status
Completed
Start date
2022-09-01
End date
2023-05-31
Keywords
Behavior, Other, Welfare
Additional Keywords
Ethnic discrimination, stereotypes, social network, edutainment, emotions, randomized experiment, Bangladesh
JEL code(s)
C93, D9, I31, J15, O12
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
In this document, we provide the research design and analysis plan for evaluating the impact of information dissemination through a documentary film that educates the ethnically dominant Bengalis about the ethnic minority Santals in Bangladeshi polyethnic villages. We want to evaluate whether exposure to information affects behavior and opinions of the ethnic majority towards minorities. More importantly, we want to test whether information diffusion is stronger when it is targeted to network-central ethnic majorities. We will measure outcomes using survey questions, administrative data, lab-in-the-field experiments, and a field experiment.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Islam, Asad et al. 2024. "Edutainment, social network, and ethnic discrimination in rural Bangladesh." AEA RCT Registry. August 11. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.10730-1.1
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Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
The objective of this project is to evaluate an innovative intervention aimed at updating the ethnic majority people’s existing information regarding ethnic minority people, with a view to curb prejudice and foster interethnic harmony. More specifically, we propose to carry out a randomized experiment in rural Bangladesh to evaluate the effectiveness of local screenings of a documentary film that educates the ethnic majority Bengali about the lives and livelihoods of Santals (one of the largest ethnic minorities in Bangladesh) in reducing ethnic discrimination. We also leverage social relationships of the ethnic majority in villages and target information to network-central Bengalis to test if it reduces discrimination towards minorities further. Being exposed to entertainment media (edutainment) promises to change norms and behavior through the channels of providing both new information as well as making existing information attractive, as posited by social learning theory. However, information dissemination through central agents in a network can be more effective in spreading information than broadcasting information widely, such as via mass media. Therefore, in this study, we aim to provide the first empirical test of both theories in the context of ethnic discrimination.
Intervention (Hidden)
Intervention Start Date
2022-11-01
Intervention End Date
2022-12-31

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
Survey Outcomes: Interethnic interaction index, Number of non-coethnic close friends, Water bill charge, Number of visits to non-coethnic neighbors, Number of non-coethnic visitors, Discriminatory opinions index, Mental health index, Subjective well-being index, Trust, Food security index (only applicable for Santals), New employment (only applicable for Santals), Monthly income (only applicable for Santals).

Lab-in-the-field outcomes: Altrusim and solidarity.

Field experiment: Productivity in a labor market task.

Administrative data: Police complaints, Complaints made to village counselors.
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Potential mechanisms (intermediate outcomes): Emotions (sadness, angry, disgust, happiness), Willingness to help others, Stereotypes, intercultural competence.
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
Using a cluster randomized control trial in the Rajshahi and Naogaon districts of Bangladesh, we will evaluate the effectiveness of a documentary film on the lives and livelihoods of Santals of Northwestern Bangladesh. To carry out the fieldwork, we collaborated with two local NGOs, Ashrai and SARCH, and randomly selected 120 polyethnic villages for the experiment (where the fraction of minorities is between 30-70 percent). We divide these villages equally (40 villages in each of the three treatment arms) to provide the following treatments: (1) Treatment Random: 14 randomly selected households per village will watch the documentary film on Santals. (2) Treatment Central: 7 most network-central households and 7 randomly selected households per village will watch the documentary film on Santals. (3) Control: 14 randomly selected households per village will watch a documentary film on floriculture or flower farming in Bangladesh (same length as the documentary film on Santals). We will closely follow Banerjee et al. (2019) to indentify network-central residents in our Treatment Central villages. We rapidly surveyed 20 random people per village and asked them to name the 15 most suitable people (or households) in their villages who would be a good diffuser of information. Based on this list, 7 most consistent and highly ranked names will be selected for the Central treatment. The screening will take place at each participants house, individually. The documentary film will be screened via 10 inch tablet PCs connected to USB speakers. This way participants and other household members will be able to watch the documentary film together. In each village, we will collect baseline and endline data on the main participants that watch the documentaries, as well as on an equal number of randomly selected people per village (untreated) to check for spillover effects.
Experimental Design Details
Randomization Method
Stata
Randomization Unit
Village level
Was the treatment clustered?
Yes

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
120 villages
Sample size: planned number of observations
Main participants: 1,680 Spillover: 1,680 Total: 3,360
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
560 main and 560 spillover in each of the three arms: total 1,120 (40 villages) per arm.
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
Supporting Documents and Materials
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee
IRB Approval Date
2022-08-09
IRB Approval Number
35152
Analysis Plan

Analysis Plan Documents

Pre-Analysis Plan - Ami Santal

MD5: aaaa4eea10e0a44a5ed81c40350e3aba

SHA1: 7df82d4ff0a512e7a794cfd955e0cadd2dd272d8

Uploaded At: January 05, 2023

Post-Trial

Post Trial Information

Study Withdrawal

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Intervention

Is the intervention completed?
No
Data Collection Complete
Data Publication

Data Publication

Is public data available?
No

Program Files

Program Files
Reports, Papers & Other Materials

Relevant Paper(s)

Reports & Other Materials